What counts as a work accident
Indonesia uses a wide definition. It comes from Minister of Manpower Regulation No. 5 of 2021, as amended by No. 1 of 2025. It covers far more than injuries on the shop floor.
The first four types below must leave a physical injury or other bodily evidence. Overtime, company errands and some trips to and from base camps also count, if you can show the paperwork.
- An accident caused by work, or one that happens at the workplace.
- An accident on the usual route between home and work. The trip starts when the worker leaves home.
- An accident on duty or on a business trip for the employer.
- An accident during work or break time while doing something urgent, with the employer's permission or knowledge.
- An occupational disease (penyakit akibat kerja, PAK).
- Sudden death at the workplace, including a worker taken ill at work who dies within 24 hours.
- Physical violence or rape at the workplace or in the course of work.
The list of covered accidents is in Article 7 of Permenaker 5/2021 as amended by Permenaker 1/2025.
Who reports, and to whom
The duty sits with the employer. Law No. 1 of 1970 already told the workplace manager (pengurus) to report every accident at the workplace to the official the Minister appoints (Article 11).
The 2025 rules name two recipients. One is the provincial labour office (Dinas Provinsi) or the local labour inspection unit. The other is BPJS Ketenagakerjaan. Send the report to both.
The worker, their family, the union or a clinic may also notify a suspected accident. That does not take the duty off you. You still file your own report.
Telling BPJS only and forgetting the labour office. The regulation names both, and the deadline is the same for each.
How fast: 2 × 24 hours, twice
The first report (laporan tahap I) is due within 2 × 24 hours of the accident. For a disease, the clock starts at diagnosis. The same deadline applies to a suspected accident or suspected disease.
The second report (laporan tahap II) is due within 2 × 24 hours after a doctor's letter says how it ended. That means one of these: the temporary inability to work has ended, the worker has a permanent total or partial disability, or the worker has died. The second report is also your claim for JKK benefits.
Articles 8, 8B and 19 of Permenaker 5/2021 as amended set both deadlines and the two recipients.
Which form, and what to put in it
The first report uses the stage I work accident form set by BPJS Ketenagakerjaan. You may file online or on paper.
For a suspected accident, the regulation lists the minimum facts. Use them as your checklist for any first report.
- The worker's BPJS membership number or national ID number (NIK).
- What happened, in order, with the place, the cause, the date and the time.
- The name and phone number of the person reporting, or of a contact person.
What to keep for the second report
Start a file on day one. The second report needs papers you cannot rebuild later. BPJS will tell you within 3 working days if anything is missing.
Some cases need extra proof. A commuting or duty-trip accident needs a police letter or witness statements. A duty trip also needs the assignment letter. Violence or rape needs a police letter and a medical-legal report (visum et repertum).
- The worker's BPJS Ketenagakerjaan card and ID card.
- The examining or advising doctor's letter.
- Receipts for transport to hospital.
- Receipts for treatment or care.
- Any other papers that fit the type of accident, such as an overtime order.
What happens if you report late
The 2025 amendment added a hard consequence. If the first report misses the 2 × 24-hour deadline, the JKK benefits become the employer's own liability. You may ask BPJS to reimburse you after you file, under the usual rules. Cash flow and a dispute are the price of a late form.
Law No. 1 of 1970 also lets its implementing regulations set penalties of up to 3 months' detention or a fine of up to Rp 100,000 (Article 15). Other laws carry their own sanctions.
Article 8(2a) to (2c) of Permenaker 5/2021 as amended moves JKK benefits to the employer when the report is late. Penalty limits are in Article 15 of UU 1/1970.
After the report: the P2K3
If you have a P2K3 safety committee, it has work to do. Permenaker 13/2025 tells it to look into the causes of accidents and occupational disease and to act on them. Its programme must include analysis and statistics of work accidents.
Put each accident on the next committee agenda. Record the cause, the fix and who owns it.
The first hour
Do these in order. Write the time next to each step.
- Make the area safe. Stop the work and isolate the machine or power.
- Give first aid and get the injured worker to a clinic or hospital. Keep the transport receipt.
- Leave the scene as it is, unless you must move things to save a life or stop more harm.
- Take photos and write down the names and phone numbers of witnesses.
- Tell the workplace manager and the person who files BPJS reports. Note the time of the accident: the 2 × 24-hour clock has started.
- Collect the worker's BPJS card number or NIK, and start the stage I form.
Sources
This is practical guidance, not legal advice. Laws and codes of practice change; always check the current official text and your site's own procedures.
